Continental Line, Pennsylvania Artillery, Octo 21, 1775 - Oct. 27, 1776, (PA Archives, Series 5, Vol. 3, pp. 941-958.)
AND
Continental Line, Fourth Regiment of Artillery, Feb. 6, 1777 - Nov. 3, 1783. (PA Archives, Series 5, Vol. 3, pp. 959-1060.)

[Transcriber's note: I have sought to correct only very obvious misspellings and to use one spelling for each person's name or give all the spellings available in this document on an individual name. Additionally, table information has been broken down.]

History of Pennsylvania Artillery
Rules & Regulation for the Artillery Company
Subsequent Promotions & Enlistments
Monthly Return of 1st Company under Capt. Proctor November 27, 1775.
Muster Roll 1st Company December 11, 1775
Pay List and Muster Roll Capt. Proctor's First Company from June 30 to July 31, 1776
Return of Artificers & Pioneers January 1 to August 22, 1777.
Capt. Bernard Roman's Company
Roll of Capt. Gibb Jones' Company June 1, 1778 - August 1, 1780...
Roll of Officers, Non-commissioned officers & Matross Sept. 1, 1779 -
August 1, 1780 of Capt. Gibbs Company
Pay Roll Capt. Wingate Newman's Company
Maj. Proctor's Roster of Officers of Pennsylvania Artillery in 1776, 1st and 2nd Companies
Oath of Allegiance
History of Fourth Regiment of Artillery of Pennsylvania
General Gates to Artillery Officers
Return of Regiment December 21, 1778
Instructions to the Artillery by B. G. H. Knox
Return of officers March 29, 1780
Board of War to Capt. Craig April 20, 1780 ...
Col. Broadhead to Capt. Craig
Memorandum of Capt. Craig's March to Fort Pitt
Order for Maj. Craig, November 11, 1780, from B. G. William Irvine
Letter to Capt. Craig from Gen. Washington
Return March 22, 1782, signed by Maj. Andrew Porter
Roster of Col. Proctor of Field & Staff Officers
General Return of Col. Proctor of April 3, 1779
Arrangement of Officers Appointed by Council of Safety September 16, 1776
Certification of appointment of 3d Lieut. Craig
Return of Col. Proctor's Officers December 14, 1778
General Return of Proctor's Regiment December 21, 1778
General Return Col. Proctor of March 19, 1779
Letter concerning Capt. William A. Patterson
Return of Men Enlisted by Col. Proctor ... June 9, 1799
Return of Officers March 28, 1780
General Return of March 29, 1780
Monthly Return of 4th Battalion of Col. Proctor of April 5, 1781
Muster Roll of Mutilated at Fort Island of April ___
Proctor's Artillery
Return of Officers May 8, 1781
Rank of Captains ...
List of Officers of Artillery to Council of Safety
Band of Proctor's Regiment
List of Non-commissioned Officers & Privates
List of Seven Months' Men Enlisted in 1780
Return Col. Proctor of Seven Months' Men (not in first return)
Return of Officers of 2d Regiment March 26, 1780
Return of Non-commissioned Officers of 2nd Company
List of Capt. Andrew Porter's Company
Roll of Capt. Andrew Porter's Company
Return of Capt. Andrew Porter's 4th Regiment
List of Capt. Andrew Porter's Company formerly ...
Return of Officers March 21, 1783
Return March 21, 1782
Promotions (In Council at Philadelphia) December 24, 1782
Arrangement January 1, 1783
Pay Roll January 1, 1783
Lamb's Artillery
Capt. James Lee's Company
Return of Capt. James Lee's Company
List of Capt. James Lee's Company in 1st Regiment
Capt. James Lee's Company 1779
Return of Capt. James Lee's Company
Partial List of Capt. James Lee's Company belonging to 1st Regiment
Pennsylvanians in Capt. James Lee's Company in 2nd Regiment
Return of Capt. James Lee's Company 2d Regiment August 29, 1780
Return of Capt. Jonas Simond's of 2nd Regiment December 25, 1780
Roll of Capt. Hercules Courtenay's 3rd Company March 10, 1777
Return of Capt. Isaac Craig's Company at Fort Pitt, March 30, 1781
Roll of Maj. Isaac Craig's Detachment February & December 1782 & March 1783
Return of Col. John Crane.

Captain Thomas Proctor's artillery company originated from a resolution of the Committee of Safety, dated October 16, 1775, for raising an artillery company, to be placed at Fort Island, to consist of one captain, one lieutenant, one drum and fife, and twenty-five privates, to serve the Province twelve months, unless sooner discharged. On the 27th of October, upon his own application, Mr. Thomas Proctor was appointed captain. On the 3d of November, his company was received into the barracks at Philadelphia, and furnished with the bedding, "late belonging to the Royal artillery company," &c. The rules and regulations governing the company, are found in the Colonial Records, Vol. X, page 391, [following]. On the 8th of December, Capt. Proctor, and Lieut. Francis Proctor were dismissed the service, on account of a difficulty with some officers of Col. Bull's battalion, and on the 27th, Lieut. Simonds was put in command, and the company ordered to Liberty Island. On the 28th, however, Capt. Proctor was restored to command. Early in April, 1776, the company being stationed on Fort Island, was increased in number to 120 men, and on the 14th of August, his force was augmented to 200 men, to be formed into two companies with one commanding officer, with the rank of major, each company to have one captain lieutenant and three lieutenants, and Capt. Procter was promoted major. On the 5th of October, a detachment of 50 men under Capt. Strobagh, was ordered to Fort Montgomery, Lieut. Proctor, of Forrest's company, to accompany. On the 30th of October, 1776, the terms of many of the men expired, Maj. Proctor was directed to re-enlist them for the war, and a bounty of $10 was allowed therefor. The company remained at Fort Island until about the 25th of December, when part of it was ordered over into New Jersey, with Capt. Forrest and Lieutenants Duffey and Emes, and took part in the capture of the Hessians at Trenton. See these letters, Pennsylvania Archives, O. S., Vol. 5, page 142. Maj. Procter joined this command, leaving Lieuts. Courtenay and Emes in command at Fort Island, and took part in the battle of Princeton, where he captured a brass six-pounder, which he presented to the
State of Pennsylvania. He was joined at Morristown on the 16th of January, 1777, by Capt. Strobagh's company. On the 17th, Gen. Knox left for New England, leaving Maj. Proctor in command of all the Continental artillery. On the 20th of February, Maj. Proctor received news at Morristown of the resolution for the establishment of a regiment of artillery, and of his appointment to the command.

...The Articles for the artillery were this day completed, agreed to, and are as follows, viz:

"In Committee of Safety for Pennsylvania - Rules and Regulations for the Artillery Company.

"WHEREAS, a Company of Artillery being necessary for the Defense of this Colony, the Committee of Safety have, therefore,
"Resolved, to take into pay one Captain, one Lieutenant, one Fife, one Drum, with Twenty-Five Privates, for that service, who are to be Subject to the following Rules and Regulations, viz:
1. "All Officers and Privates, belonging to the said Company, who Shall be guilty of profane oaths, cursing, Drunkenness, or other scandalous actions, shall incur such punishment as the nature and degree of the office shall deserve, at the discretion of a Court Martial.
2. "Any Officer or Private who shall strike the Commander-in-Chief, or other his superior Officer, or draw, or offer to draw, or lift up any weapon, or use any violence against him, or shall behave himself with contempt or disrespect to him, them, or either of them, being in the execution of their office, shall be punished according to the nature of his office, at the discretion of a Court Martial.
3. "If any person in, or belonging to the Artillery Company, shall raise, or endeavor to raise a Mutiny, on any pretense whatever, or shall disobey any lawful Commands of his superior officer, he shall, on conviction thereof, suffer such punishment as shall be ordered by a Court Martial.
4. "Any Officer or Private who shall, without leave of his Commanding officer, absent himself from the Company, or from any detachment of the same, or shall advise or persuade any other officer or private so to do, shall be punished at the discretion of a Court Martial.
5. "Every person in time of action, who shall Mutiny, or who, through Cowardice, disaffection or negligence, shall at such time, withdraw or keep back, or not come into the fight or engagement, or shall endeavor to persuade or deter others from doing their duty at such times, Shall Suffer Death.
6. "Every Person who shall desert to the Enemy, or shall entice others so to do, shall Suffer Death, or such other punishment as the Circumstances of the offence shall deserve, and a Court Martial think fit.
7. "Any officer or private who shall he convicted of holding any correspondence with, or giving intelligence to the Enemy, either directly or indirectly, Shall Suffer Death, or such punishment as shall be ordered by a Court Martial.
8. "Every officer or private, who shall be convicted of having designedly or carelessly wasted or embezzled the ammunition, arms, Stores, or Provisions, with which they are entrusted for the Public, shall suffer such punishment as a Court Martial shall think proper for the offence.
9. "Whatever officer shall be found Drunk on Guard or under arms, Shall be Cashiered, and any private so offending, shall be punished at the discretion of a Court Martial.
10. "No person in, or belonging to the said Artillery Company, shall sleep upon his watch, or forsake his post, on pain of such punishment as a Court Martial shall think fit to impose.
11. "Any officer or private who shall, by discharging Fire Arms, beating of Drums, or by any other means, occasion false alarms, shall suffer such punishment as shall be inflicted by a Court Martial.
12. "All officers, or what condition soever, belonging either to the Artillery Company or the Provincial Armed Boats, shall have power to part and quell all quarrels, affrays, and disorders, amongst or between any sailors or Soldiers in the pay of this Province, and order officers to be arrested, and non-Commissioned officers or privates to be confined, 'til their superior officers shall be acquainted therewith, and whoever shall refuse to obey such officer, though of an inferior rank, or shall draw his sword, or lift up any weapon against him, shall be punished at the discretion of a Court Martial.
13. "If any officer or Private shall think himself wronged by his Commanding officer, he may apply to the Committee of Safety, who will redress his grievance.
14. "The Captain of the said Artillery Company shall Rank with the Captains of our armed Boats, according to the Dates of their respective Commissions, and the Lieutenants of said Company shall have rank with the first Lieutenants of the said Boats in like manner, according to the date of their respective Commissions.
15. "All Ships and other vessels and their cargoes, ammunition, artillery, Clothing, or other articles taken from the Enemy, shall be disposed of or distributed as the Provincial Assembly shall hereafter think proper.
16. "If any officer or private shall commit any Crime deserving punishment, he shall by his Commanding Officer be put under arrest, if any officer; or if a non-commissioned officer or Private, be put in confinement until he shall be tried by a Court Martial, or discharged by proper Authority.
17. "If any officer under arrest shall leave his confinement before he is set at liberty by the officer who confined him, or by proper authority, he shall be Cashiered.
18. "Any officer who shall presume to discharge any Prisoner committed to his charge without proper authority for so doing, or shall suffer any prisoner to escape, shall be punished at the discretion of a Court Martial.
19. "If any Commissioned officer shall be convicted before a Court Martial of behaving in a Scandalous, infamous, cruel, oppressive or fraudulent manner, unbecoming the character of an officer, he shall be Dismissed from the Service.
20. "All crimes not capital, and all disorders and neglect which officers and Privates may be guilty of, to the prejudice of good order & Military discipline, though not mentioned in these Articles, shall be taken notice of by a Court Martial, and punished according to the nature of the offense.
21. "No Person to be sentenced by a Court Martial to suffer Death, except in the cases expressly mentioned in the foregoing Articles, nor shall any other punishment be inflicted at the discretion of a Court Martial, other than degrading, Cashiering, drumming out of the Company, fine not exceeding two month's pay, and imprisonment not exceeding one month.
22. "The Captain of our said Company of Artillery shall appoint some suitable person to receive all such fines as may arise within the same, for breach of any of these articles, which fines shall be accounted for to the Assembly or Committee of Safety, and by them to be appropriated for the relief of the maimed and disabled in the Service, and the support of the widows and families of such as may be killed.
23. "Courts Martial may be composed of Commissioned officers from our armed Boats, in conjunction with any of the officers of our Artillery Company, who shall have power to hear and determine all causes agreeable to these articles.
24. "No Court Martial for the trial of offences under the degree of Capital shall consist of Less than five officers, except in cases where that number cannot be conveniently assembled, when there may be sufficient, who are to determine on the Sentence by a Majority of Voices; and in all trials for Capital offences, the Court Martial shall be composed of thirteen officers, and the Sentence be determined by at least two thirds.
25. "All persons belonging to our Boats or our Artillery Company, called as Witnesses in any case before a Court Martial, who shall refuse to attend and give evidence, shall be punished at the discretion of a Court Martial.
26. "All Members of a Court Martial are to behave with calmness, decency and impartiality; and in giving their votes, are to begin with the youngest or lowest in Commission, and all officers are to Rank in Court Martials according to their Commissions.
27. "All Members sitting in a Court Martial shall be sworn or affirmed by the President of said Court, which President shall himself be sworn or affirmed by the officer next in Rank in said Court. The Oath or affirmation to be administered previous to their proceeding to the trial of any offender, in form following, viz:
"You A. B. [name], swear or affirm, that you will well and truly try, and impartially determine the Cause of the Prisoner now to be tried, according to the Rules framed for the Regulations of the Pennsylvania Artillery Company, (if an Oath, add,) so help you God."
28. The President of the Court Martial shall administer the following oath or affirmation to all Persons called to give Evidence. 'You Swear or affirm, that the Evidence you shall give in the cause now trying, shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth,' if an Oath, add, 'so help you God.'
29. "No Person shall suffer Death, agreeable to the Sentence of a Court Martial (except in the cases mentioned in the 5th Article,) until the Sentence is confirmed by the Assembly, or in their recess by the Committee of Safety.
30. "The Captain of the said Artillery Company shall, in the beginning of every month, make a faithful return to the Committee of Safety of the Men in his Company, to be signed by himself; and upon being convicted of having made a false return, shall be discharged from the Service; and if he neglect to make a return within the month, shall be fined, at the discretion of said Committee.
31. "No officer or private shall be tried a second time for the same offence.
32. "And for the Encouragement of good and able bodied Men to enter into the said Artillery Company, the Committee of Safety have resolved to pay to the Captain of the said Company Twenty Dollars per month, to the Lieutenant Fourteen Dollars per month, and to each Private, Fife and Drum, Six Dollars per month, with the same allowance of Provisions and Liquor as ordered for the Armed Boats.

We, the underwritten, having seen and distinctly heard the foregoing articles Read, and fully understanding the contents thereof, Do freely and Voluntarily Subject ourselves to all and every of the Rules, Regulations and Restrictions therein contained.

In Witness whereof we hereunto subscribe our Names.

"PHILADELPHIA, November 6th, 1775. "

(End of Insert.)

Proctor, Francis, November 29, 1775; dismissed December 8, 1775.

Simmons, Jeremiah, from lieutenant of armed boat Warren, February 24, 1776; May 28, 1776, promoted captain lieutenant, to rank from February 24, 1776; subsequently to captain of the Arnold Battery.

Strobagh, John Martin, May 13, 1776; appointed June 28, 1776, third lieutenant
from lieutenant of marines on board the Hornet; he to produce a discharge from
Congress before entering the service.

MONTHLY RETURN OF THE 1ST COMPANY OF PENNSYLVANIA ARTILLERY BY CAPTAIN THOMAS PROCTOR AT PHILADELPHIA, NOVEMBER 27, 1775.

The above is a true state of my Company.
THOMAS PROCTOR, Captain Artillery

MUSTER ROLL OF THE 1ST COMPANY OF PENNSYLVANIA ARTILLERY COMMANDED BY CAPT. ____ AT PHILADELPHIA, DECEMBER 11TH, 1775.

PAY LIST AND MUSTER-ROLL OF THE FIRST COMPANY OF PENNSYLVANIA ARTILLERY, COMMANDED BY CAPTAIN THOMAS PROCTOR, COMMENCING JUNE 30 AND ENDING JULY 31, 1776, BOTH DAYS INCLUSIVE. (A.)

*See Colonial (Provincial) Records, Vol. XII, p. 34, when his widow received a donation from the Supreme Council. She was afterwards pensioned by the State of Pennsylvania.

A TRUE RETURN OF ALL THE ARTIFICERS AND PIONEERS NOW IN CAMP FROM
JANUARY 1 TO AUGUST 22, 1777. (c.)

This company of matrosses as it was called, was raised in the Province of Pennsylvania, under the authority of a resolution of Congress, for the service of the United States in Canada, (Minutes of Council of Safety, January 29, 1776, Colonial Records, Vol. X, page 470), and its officers appointed by the Council, ibid., 479. It afterwards went by the name of Gibbs Jones' company, but no records of it have been found except the roll hereafter printed, which seems to have been furnished the Council, in pursuance of a resolution of March 21, 1780, ibid., Vol. XII, page 286, which embraced, of course, only the names of the officers and men at the latter date. The matter in brackets added from scattered memoranda in the Records and Archives.

ROLL OF THE OFFICERS, NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND MATROSS OF CAPTAIN GIBBS JONES COMPANY OF ARTILLERY IN THE SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SUBSISTENCE FROM 1ST JUNE, 1778, TO 1ST AUGUST, 1780,
AND FOR ARREARS OF PAY FROM 1ST SEPTEMBER, 1779, TO THE 1ST AUGUST, 1780. (c.)

Roster of Maj. Thomas Proctor, command increased to two hundred men, under resolution of August 14, 1776 (Colonial Records, Vol. X, page 685). No rolls have been found.

I to swear, that I do not owe allegiance to George the Third, King of Great Britain, and that I will faithfully execute the commission now granted me. That I will, to the utmost of my power, defend and support the liberties of the United States of America, agreeably to the resolves of the Honorable Congress and of the late Convention of this State. That I will obey the orders and directions of the Council of Safety, or other executive power of this State hereafter to be appointed, and that I will obey all orders and commands of any superior officer, and submit to all such rules and regulations as are or may be made for the government of the army of this State.

Philadelphia, November 1, 1776.

THOMAS PROCTOR, Major.
J. MARTIN STROBAGH, Captain.
WORSELY EMES, Lieutenant.
PAT. DUFFEY, First Lieutenant
HERCULES COURTENAY, First Lieutenant.
WILLIAM FERGUSON, Captain
THOMAS FORREST, Captain.

PENNSYLVANIA STATE REGIMENT OF ARTILLERY.

Proctor's artillery regiment, as it was usually denominated, was a regiment of artillery raised for the defense of the State of Pennsylvania, under a resolution of the Council of Safety, dated February 6, 1777, to consist of a colonel, lieutenant colonel, major, eight captains, eight first lieutenants, eight second lieutenants, eight lieutenant fire-workers, paymaster, surgeon, &c., thirty-two sergeants, thirty-two corporals, eight drummers, eight fifers, twelve musicians, and four hundred and eighty privates. See Colonial Records, Vol XI, page 116. By a subsequent resolution, February 28, 1777, ibid, page 136, it was to serve in any part of the United States during the war. Maj. Proctor's command, which was its nucleus, was in service and had its first disaster at Bound Brook, New Jersey, April 13, 1777, where Lieuts. Ferguson and Turnbull were captured with twenty privates and two pieces of artillery. Its next disaster was at the battle of Brandywine, where Proctor bravely maintained his position at Chadd's Ford, until defeat at the right wing forced his retreat, with the loss of some guns and ammunition. At Germantown, on the 4th of October, 1777, a portion of the regiment was engaged under Capt. Lt. Brewer; Lieuts. Barker and Ritter, having charge of the guns. According to William McMullen's statement, Barker had a six-pound cannon stationed on the main street, nearly opposite Chew's house, "the report of which was so sharp, that it caused the blood to run from his ears." No regimental returns have been found prior to September 3, 1778, when by resolution of Congress, Proctor's regiment was made part of the quota of troops to be furnished by the State of Pennsylvania, which was to be credited for the men now in the regiment, and also for any that should thereafter be recruited therein. From its necessarily detached service very little of the history of the regiment has survived; but detachments from it were engaged in nearly all of the operations of the main army, subsequently notably at Monmouth and in Sullivan's campaign of 1779. The following data are gathered from such returns as were accessible, supplemented by the correspondence of Capt. Isaac Craig, furnished by his grandson, Isaac Craig, Esq. of Allegheny city, Pennsylvania.

Gentlemen: The Board have been favored with your Certificate of yesterday, in Favor of Capt. Coren's Conduct, with Regard to you. We are always happy when Enquiries into the Characters and Behavior of Officers in the Service of their Country, turn out favorable. We deem your testimony full satisfactory as to Capt. Coren, but are sorry any Officers under his command are in a Situation to be under the Necessity, by any Appearance, "of concealing their Ignorance." Either Mr. Coren has not been so communicative as he ought to have been or they have been inattentive to Matters daily passing before them. Perhaps, too, they have been indolent or too much above their Business to employ themselves, Manually, in it. Practical Arts are not to be learnt by Speculation. No Person, in our Opinion, by merely viewing a complex Machine, altho' he should attend to its Parts never so minutely, either in the whole or by Detail, could at once produce, of his own Manufacture, a similar one. Practice must complete what Speculation only begins. The Knowledge you have
gained, it is expected, of the Laboratory Art, as well as your Experience in Life, must convince you of the Truth of these general Positions. And as you are sent to obtain a perfect Knowledge of the Business, not only on your own account, but to promulgate it thro' the States, the Board make no Doubt of your diligently and manually applying yourselves to the Task you have undertaken. We have too good an Opinion of you all to suppose it will be necessary to impress this Sentiment upon you; because should there be any who are negligent or averse to being taught, the Board are Satisfied, as Men regarding the Interest of your Country, you would return to your other Duty, & put some other Person in a situation so desirable as that you are now in . The time you have been at Carlisle was one Argument with the Board, added to their anxiety to have the Laboratory Art more generally Known, which induced them to write to Capt. Coren on the subject, & we shall be happy to hear, on your Return to Camp, as we no Doubt we shall, that the Knowledge you have gained by your residence at Carlisle is equal to the Expectation formed when the Measure of sending you there was adopted. It there is any Inequality in your Acquirements, it will be found that those know most who have done most Work. The greatest military Characters have tautog Nothing too minute or too laborious. The great Turenne carried a Musket for a twelve month, and the Czar Peter was not satisfied with seeing a ship built, but employed himself as a common laborer in the lowest and most laborious Parts of the Business. We have, from an anxious Desire that you should gain every possible Knowledge of the Laboratory Art, gone farther into this Subject than was necessary, more especially as you were selected by His Excellency General Washington's express Directions, as Persons who would diligently attend to the Matter you have undertaken. The Board, therefore, can have no Doubt but that you will use every Exertion, as the Eyes of so many are upon you.

I am, with Regard, you obed. Servant,
HORATIO GATES,
President

Capts. Craig and Proctor, Capt. Lieut. Parker and Lieuts. Cooper and Parker, Carlisle.

A general return of the Pennsylvania State regiment of artillery, commanded by Col. Thomas Proctor, December 21, 1778.

Present in command, colonel, major, and Captains Craig, Rice and Proctor, Jr.; Capt. Lieuts. Duffey, Brice and Coultman, and Lieut. Emes.

Total - 208.

On command, Sergt. Donnelly M. Ludwig, privates Butler, Jinnings, Smith, Snell, Reed, Craft, Fairclos, J., Dunn, Devin, Wetherly, Conrod, Hannah, Louge, and fifer Crutcher. Sick absent, Garvin, Conikle, McDonnell, Thornton, Blair, Bunns, Bryan. Resigned, First Lieut. Morris. On furlough, Capt. Wilkinson, Sergt. Wilks, Corp. Toy, privates Orne, Miller, Rodgers, Sims. Deaths, Lieut. Col. Strobagh, First Lieut. Newbound, Sergt. Leonard, privates Pettit, Matthews, Bell, McCay, McCoy, and Murray.

March 19, 1779, total effective force, officers and men, one hundred and forty-two.

Sir: You are to take the direction of two 5-1/2 howitzers, and four 6-pounders, which are to be taken from the Park. As the ammunition for the howitzers is in your possession, you are to take the whole of it agreeable to the return you made to me, and ten case-shot for each and flannel cartridge must be added. If you have no case-shot, Sergt. Briant of the 3d battalion has the charge of some, which are in Lieut. Elmer's hands. It must be equally divided, and put into two sleds or wagons, or tumbrilles if sleds cannot be provided. Each 6-pounder must have 70 round-shot fixed, and 20 case, with a full proportion of tube, port-fires, &c., also an ax.

You will have delivered to you some fire-balls for the howitzers, and some bavins or reeds which you will use, if you are ordered to set fire to any buildings. There are to be two officers, and twenty-two non-commissioned and privates to each piece, which is also to have two sets of drag-ropes. You will have drawn immediately three days' baked bread and salt provisions, and rum. If sleds can be provided, the ammunition wagons (one for each piece), are to be placed on them to transport the ammunition.

The cannon also are to be placed on sleds and drawn to the place of action, and there taken off, but as soon as the firing shall be finished, to be put on again; for which reason the sleds must be used as limbers, and put in the charge of a trusty sergeant. If this method should not be thought to be the best, the horses must be put to the cannon at the place you shall receive your further orders from Lord Stirling. Sleds will also be provided, if possible to transport the officers and men, in order to prevent their being too much fatigued.

As soon as you have everything in readiness, which must be by twelve or one o'clock this day, at farthest, you will proceed to Elizabeth Town, and wait on Lord Stirling, who will be there, or Gen. Irvine, for further orders.* (*Your march must be so regulated as to be at Elizabeth Town by ten or eleven o'clock this night.)

You will easily perceive, by the tenor of these instructions, that the service you are going upon is a secret. You must not, therefore as you value your reputation as a soldier and a man of honor, give the least information, directly or indirectly, either to officer, soldier, or any other person, of the place of your destination or your suspicion of the service you are going upon. If you are asked any questions, you may tell them it is expected the enemy are coming out, and your are going upon the line to join the troops, to be in readiness to receive them.

You will inform Lord Stirling or Gen. Irvine that you have the combustibles before mentioned.

It will be highly proper, if there be any public forage at Springfield, that you should put some on your sleds to feed your horses when you halt.

H. Knox
B. G. Artillery

From a general return of the Pennsylvania regiments of artillery, March 29, 1780, signed by Samuel Storey, lieutenant and adjutant, it appears there were on the rolls the colonel, lieutenant colonel, six captains, six captain lieutenants, two first lieutenants, pay-master, quarter-master, surgeon, sergeant major, quarter-master sergeant, clerk, fifer major, drum major, nine in band, ten sergeants, eleven corporals, nine bombardiers, fourteen gunners, nineteen drum and fife, eighty-two matrosses, total one hundred and eighty-nine.

N. B. -Capts. Turnbull and Ferguson exchanged and in camp. Capt. Lieuts. Martin and Smith prisoners with the enemy.

Sir: In answer to your request of this day for sundry matters relative to your march to Fort Pitt, we have to inform you -

Forage is to be obtained in the usual way at the several posts by application to the quarter and forage-masters.

You have herewith an order on the several quarter-masters to supply you with the necessary teams and carriages for conveying to Fort Pitt the artillery and stores under your care, and a particular order on Col. Davis, at Carlisle, for that purpose, and the supply of horse shoes and any other articles necessary for repairing the carriages on the way.

The eight men of Capt. Coren's company at Carlisle and Fort Pitt or other places westward of Philadelphia, you will take with you, and cause them to do duty in your company, subject, however, to the future orders of the board or of the Commander-in-Chief.

As we expect, in a few days, a complete arrangement of the artillery, we think it inexpedient, at this time, to issue a commission to Capt. Lieut. Lloyd. As soon as we get the arrangements we will make out and transmit his commission.

We have no money, nor can we get any to defray the expenses of your march. If Col. Flower, C. G. of U. S., thinks it reasonable to make you an allowance for conducting the artillery and stores to Fort Pitt, we shall not object to it; the money so allowed you to be applied in the same manner as if given to a conductor of military stores.

We are, Sir, your most obed't servants,
By order of ye board, TIMOTHY PICKERING.

War Office, April 20, 1780.

Sir: You, having under your charge a quantity of artillery and artillery stores destined for Fort Pitt, all quarter-masters and forage-masters on the route are hereby directed to furnish you with the necessary forage for your horses, and also with horses to replace any that shall fall on the march. We expect you will use this order with great prudence & economy, that the distresses of the public may not be increased, but in case of absolute
necessity.

We are, Sir, y'r obed't Servants,
By order of ye board,
TIMOTHY PICKERING.

Capt. Isaac Craig, 4th regt. artillery

In Council, Philadelphia, April 24th, 1780.

To all concerned:

Capt. Craig, ordered by his Excellency Gen'l Washington, to Pittsburgh, with artillery and stores, applied to the Council for aid and assistance therein; on consideration, Ordered, That the Lieutenants, Sub-Lieutenants, Justices of the Peace, and others of the respective counties thro' which Capt. Craig shall pass, do give him such aid & assistance in transporting the said stores & artillery as the occasion may require.

Extract from the minutes:

T. MATLACK,
Sec'y.

Sir: It is some weeks since his Excellency, the Commander-in-Chief, and the honorable Board of War wrote me that you were ordered to this department with a number of cannon and military stores. I am aware of the difficulties you must meet with in obtaining carriage, &c., to enable you to proceed expeditiously, yet as the enemy are very troublesome to the settlement, and it is becoming highly expedient for me to counteract their designs by some offensive operation, I must request you to exert yourself as much as possible to reach this point before the 1st of June. It will be very hazardous to come up the Pennsylvania road, wherefore you are to come up the Virginia raod, and if you find that the artillery and stores will be too much exposed upon any part of that road, you will halt and give me notice, to that a sufficient convoy may be sent you. I wish you to send me by the first conveyance a return of your strength and of the number and calibres of your ordinance, and the quantity of stores you have with you, or expect to be forwarded, that in case of deficiency I may make further applications.

I have the honor to be, with respect,
Your most obed't serv't DANIEL BRODHEAD,
Colonel Commanding.

To Capt. Craig.

Col. Brodhead, in a letter to Washington, dated Fort Pitt, April 24, 1780, writes, "I am honored with a line from the Honorable Board of War, informing me that an officer of Procter's regiment with some stores and cannon, were in readiness to be sent down as soon as the roads would permit and the means of transportation can be procured."—Penn's Archives. O. S., vol. xii, p. 223. And May 13, 1780, "I have wrote to the artillery officer [Capt. Craig], to hurry up the artillery and stores, but I hear he is badly furnished with carriages and forage, which must prevent his marching with the expedition"—Ib 234 And June 29, 1780. "The artillery has arrived and the military stores are safely lodged."—Ib. 243.

Order for Major Craig.

Fort Pitt, November 11, 1780.

Sir: I have received intelligence, through various channels, that the British have established a post at Lower Sandusky, and also information that it is suspected they intend erecting one at either Cuyahoga creek or Grand river. But as these accounts are not from persons of military knowledge, nor to be fully relied on in any particular, and I am anxious to have the facts well established, you will, therefore, proceed with Lieut. Rose, my Aid-de-Camp, and six active men in order to reconnoitre these places, particularly Cuyahoga. As your party is so small, you will use every possible precaution to avoid of being discovered, with service I expect you will be able to perform, as they will probably be relaxed in discipline at this advanced season of the year. When you have reconnoitred these posts (if any), you may try to take a prisoner, provided you find it can be done without much risque of losing any of your party, which must be garded against at all costs, as it is not your business to come to action. My reasons for allowing you so small a party being to avoid discovery. I know your zeal will excite you to go to lengths, perhaps even beyond your own judgment, in order to effect the purposes of your excursion. But, notwithstanding my earnest desire to obtain accurate accounts of the matters mentioned herein, you will please to keep in view that I am extremely solicitous that every man may be brought back safe, and that one man falling into the hands of the enemy, may not only ruin your whole present business, but also prevent future discoverys.

As it may become necessary for you to detach or separate from Mr. Rose, it will be proper for you to give him a certified copy of this order.

I am, sir, your obedient humbel servant,
WM. IRVINE,
B. General.

Major Craid.

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Gen. Washington to Capt. Craig.

Head-Quarters, New Windsor, April 25th, 1781.

Sir: I have received your favor of the 15th. The present State of Col. Proctor's Regiment does not admit of your Company's being made up to its full complement, but I have, by this conveyance, desired General St. Clair to let you have as many men as will put you on a level with the others. This is all that can be done. I have already desired the Board of War to send six Artificers to Fort Pitt; you may wait upon them yourself with this Letter, and ask three or four more if they can be spared. I would wish the enclosed for Gen'l Clarke and Col. Brodhead to reach them as speedily as possible; you will be pleased to take charge of them yourself, if you do not meet with a good opportunity previous to the time you intend setting out.

I am, Sir, Your Humble servant,
GO WASHINGTON.

To Capt. Craig.

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From a return, dated March 22, 1782, signed by Andrew Porter, major commanding Pennsylvania regiment of artillery, there were stationed at Lancaster and Carlisle, two majors, five captains, four captain lieutenants, two first lieutenants, paymaster, quarter-master, surgeon, two cadets, one surgeon's mate, quarter-master sergeant, drum major, fife major, four musicians, four sergeants, three corporals, one bombardier, six gunners, seven drums and fifes, twenty-five matrosses; total, seventy. At Fort Pitt, two captains, one second lieutenant, &c.; total, thirty-four. In the Southern army, two captains, four captain lieutenants, one second lieutenant, adjutant, non- commissioned officers and privates, one hundred and twenty-one; making total strength of the regiment two hundred and thirty-five.

The return from Fort Pitt is dated July 26, 1782; the return from the Southern army, November 10, 1781.

After the surrender of Cornwallis, three companies of the artillery were detached to the Southern army, under Gen. Greene. A return, found among the Hand papers, dated at James Island, S. C., January 31, 1783, indicates the strength of this detachment as follows:

Capt. Ferguson's company - 21
Brice's company - 14
McClure's company - 25

In June, 1784, when Congress called for a regiment partially infantry and artillery, Pennsylvania immediately furnished its quota, and on the 13th of August, Thomas Douglass was appointed captain, and Joseph Ashton, lieutenant of the artillery company, by the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania. The following year, Capt. Thomas Douglass was dropped, and Capt. William Ferguson superseded him, October 20, 1788, apparently upon a claim of rank, (Col. Records, Vol. XIV, page 559 and 621), which gives some ground for the claim made by the descendants of Major William Ferguson, that he was never cut of the service of his country from the day he entered the ranks as a private of Procter's First company of Pennsylvania artillery, until as commandant of artillery of Gen. St. Clair's army, he fell by his guns in the disastrous battle of November 4, 1791.

According to Prof. Asa Bird Gardner's letter to the Editors the artillery of Lieut. Col. Harmar's "1st American Regiment was organized into a battalion by itself; in 1786, two new companies from Massachusetts added, and Capts. Douglass' or Ferguson's company is still in existence as the Second Company or Artillery of the present United States Army."

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There is a memorandum of a Samuel Finlay, lieutenant of Proctor's regiment, exchanged December 2, 1780, but we do not find his name in any of the returns of Proctor's.

Lieut. Simonds, in a letter to Major Armstrong, dated July 11, 1784, states his promotions as follows: "Second lieutenant in artillery, May 1, 1775; first lieutenant,January 10, 1776; captain lieutenant, January 1, 1777; captain, September 13, 1778. The company I commanded was raised in Philadelphia, and annexed to Col. Lamb's regiment; annexed to Pennsylvania regiment of artillery by general orders, January 1, 1781."